Trends in prevalent injuries among Iranian pilgrims in Hajj

Annually millions of Muslims depart to Saudi Arabia for performing a religious pilgrimage called "Hajj". In this ceremony, pilgrims face numerous health hazards and injuries such as pressing in overcrowding, sliding, burning, falling down, traffic accidents etc. The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of injuries in Hajj period across 2004 to 2008. This study was conducted on 253808 Iranian pilgrims on five consecutive years of Hajj ceremonies, from 2004 to 2008. We used a report sheet with 13 types of injuries and 13 mechanisms of these injuries. SPSS V13.5 soft ware was used for analyzing the data. ANOVA and independent sample t- test was conducted, and relationships were considered significant at P< 0.05. The most common injuries was "tissue contusions and ruptures "[about 76/10000], and "tendon lesions" [about 62/10000]. In addition, the most common mechanism of injuries was "ankle sprain" [69/10000] during the five consecutive years. The prevalence of all fractures was about 49/10000 and the proportion of burning with hot water or fire was about 40/10000. Changes of all causes of the injuries were significant in this study [P< 0.05]. We have suggested some directions for preventing of injuries and related Injuries in Hajj, in this study

[ effects of risk factor of pregnancy period on infant's weight]

Low birth weight [LBW] is one of the most important causes of mortality in newborns, therefore identifying the associated risk factors is of crucial necessity. To investigate the risk factors among women during the pregnancy leading to delivery of a LBW infants. This was a case-control study in which the data from 191 infants characteristic of LBW as cases [chosen out of a total of 203] and 199 normal infants as controls were compared. Controls were intentionally chosen to be the next live birth to the LBW infant. Statistical univariate analyses were performed using t-test and X2 test. Also, Multiple Logistic Regression was employed to identify the risk factors associated with LBW. Univariate analysis showed that LBW was related to gestational age [p<0.001], mother's weight [p=0.004], mother's higth [p=0.001], mother's age [p=0.040], history of chronic desease in mother [p=0.026], bleeding during pregnancy [p=0.007], mother's education level [p =0.003], and birth order [p=0.047]. Logistic Regression [multivariable analysis] revealed that, in presence of all factors, LBW was only associated with gestational age, mother's higth, bleeding durring pregnancy, and the history of chronic desease in mother with odd ratios of 1.77, 1.90, 0.60, 0.66, respectively, Increased gestational age, appropriate management of bleeding durring pregnancy and also of mothers' chronic desease could reduce the chance of LBW